Showing posts with label composing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label composing. Show all posts

Thursday, April 7, 2016

Interview with The Piano Guys: Practicing, Composing, and Great Friendships

There's a fun new group making something new by blending classical and pop music. They call themselves the Piano Guys, and if you haven't heard them before, today's the day you'll discover your new favorite YouTube channel! Read on to find out what the Piano Guys have to say about practicing, performing, and the importance of choosing good friends.

L to R: Al van der Beek (music producer/songwriter), Jon Schmidt (pianist/songwriter), Steven Sharp Nelson (cellist/songwriter), Paul Anderson (producer/videographer)
LPM: The Piano Guys gained popularity from the really fun piano and cello renditions of popular songs on your YouTube channel.  Do you think of your music as classical or pop music? Why did you decide to merge the two?
 

Al: Our music includes both genres. Classical music is the root of all music, so it fits perfectly with today’s pop music. We hope that by combining the two it will help introduce classical music to the younger generation in a way that is more accessible by combining it with songs they hear every day on the radio. 

We also hope that we can win over some classical purists by showing them that pop music can be pretty cool too. 

LPM: It must be working...
several of your YouTube videos have over 20 million views, which makes it clear that young people are definitely loving your music and videos! How do you think the study of classical music helps you as musicians and performers?

Al: There are many benefits to studying classical music, or any music for that matter. Music provides people with a means of self-expression and a great way to connect with others. It builds confidence and teaches discipline. 


Classical music has always been cool and you can hear it sprinkled in almost every genre. We always put the video link to the entire classical piece we used in our mashups so people can enjoy it in its true form.

LPM: Playing music isn’t always fun. Sometimes practice can be frustrating. Whether you can’t quite get the sound you want, or you can’t quite master the fingering on a certain passage.  Let’s Play Music students want to know: what do you do when practice time is frustrating? Or maybe you don't get frustrated now that you're an adult? 
 

Steve: I can totally relate to this. I have ADHD which has been a great blessing, but has always made practicing extra challenging for me. Some people can go hours and hours without taking a break. I can go 15 minutes before I need to take a break! So as you can guess, I take lots of breaks. :-) I’ll answer an email, do 20 pushups, say a prayer, make a phone call, run a lap — something that is short and productive, but restarts my stamina for practicing again. This works for me because my retention improves as I stop and start each time. But this wouldn’t work for everyone. The key is finding what works for you. Experiment.

Read up on what others do (hey, like you’re doing right now!) Don’t give up!! If stamina isn’t the issue but frustration is, change it up — switch from a passage that is troubling you to something else that is a little more enjoyable and then come back to it — for instance, I like to play something by ear, hone my speed pizzicato or percussion prowess, or sharpen my improv chops. 


Music shouldn’t be about perfection. It should be about progression. And joy. 

LPM: You guys "play around" with music. We like to ‘play’ in Let’s Play Music too! In your videos you're banging on different parts of the piano and everyone looks to be having a ton of fun. Is this what your jam sessions are like? What do musicians do when they hang out together? 

Paul: Yes, we definitely have fun with making music, but it's not all fun and games. There are many days where it's just really hard work, but we never give up! One thing that helps is our relationship with each other; even though we have different personalities, our goals are the same: to uplift and inspire others. 


We are different than most groups we hear about; we actually like hanging out with each other when we aren't with our families. Most venues are surprised that we will all use the same Green Room on tour instead of having our own separate rooms. We are constantly talking with each other sharing thoughts and ideas on how to become a better husband, father, and business partner. Who your friends are can really make a difference in your life, so pick good ones! 

Steve: Remember also to play as much, if not more, than you practice. Go find some friends to “jam” with, perform at a senior living center one day, in your church or school talent show, form a band, a string quartet, play weddings, play bar mitzvahs! Play at your brother’s friend’s cousin’s aunt’s birthday party! Then you are honing your performance skills along with your practice skills — and you’ll have fun because you’re sharing your talents and bringing others joy, the purest purpose of music! A shared talent grows much faster than a secluded talent. 

LPM: You guys love to travel and put pianos in crazy places! Which video was your favorite to film?

Paul:
Yes, we get really excited about making videos in crazy locations and believe it keeps things fresh for us, especially in writing new music. So, some advice we can give is to look for things that create passion with your music. Change it up once in a while and try new things, stay out of your comfort zone as much as possible, and be willing to work really hard!

Each video has some really incredible memories attached to it, but the ones that stand out right now would be the most challenging ones. Most recently, filming Fight Song/Amazing Grace in Scotland! Of course, filming at the Wonders of the World was really exciting also, like The Great Wall of China, and Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio.

From what we have seen, challenges are the greatest gift when it comes to filming and writing music!
 

LPM: Let’s Play Music trains students to hear music in their heads, like Beethoven did!  How does ‘hearing it in your head’ help you to be able to make the music you want? 

Jon: When you are hearing the music in your head, the hardest part is accomplished.  Once you hear something, then you just have to find the matching notes on the piano.  


This is something you can have fun with.  Have someone play happy birthday on the piano.  Ask them to play a wrong note intentionally.  If you can hear the wrong note, then your ear is good enough to be able to play notes you hear in your head or anywhere for that matter.  And your ear will get better and better as you practice finding notes.  Start with single notes.  High, medium and low.  Then try finding 2 notes at a time.  Then the lowest note in a chord,  the highest, a note between highest and lowest.  Then tackle a phrase in a song.  Find the melody part, then the bass part, then as many notes between the melody and the bass as you can pick out (don't worry if you can't find all of the "in-between" notes at first). 

You will get better at this with every phrase you learn.  You will get to the point where you can hear several phrases and be able to play it back on the first try.  This is how I learned to play by ear.  If I heard something cool I tried to learn it by ear: melody, then bass, then some notes in between.  You don't need to have perfect pitch for this (I don't).  You just need to be determined, and have a "can do" attitude.
 

LPM: Let’s Play Music students focus a lot on chords, chord theory, improvisation, and ear training.  How does your knowledge of theory help you compose and improvise?

Steve: I LOVE theory. Is that totally weird? Or geeky? I’m cool with that. :-) There’s just something so energizing about learning the fundamental language of music. Yes, you can be an extremely talented and successful by-ear musician knowing no theory. Many have proved this. But there are tremendous advantages of “music literacy.” I use it EVERY day. 


It’s like cooking — theory gives you so many ingredients to work with at the onset of a culinary creation. And more than that, it teaches you the “recipes” that many “cooks” have used in the past to make something sound delicious. After a while of cooking others’ recipes you learn what elements go well together and you begin creating your own dishes. And you can go even further by experimenting with new combinations — new spices and garnishes to season your composition. 

Theory has helped me many times to wok my way out of writer’s block. When we were potato-mashing up Disney’s “Let It Go” with Vivaldi’s “Winter,” I wanted to write a bridge that utilized a sequence to travel from one key to another. I used my theory knowledge — specifically tonicization — to figure out what key to start on and how many cycles it would take to arrive back to my home key. 

TOTALLY GEEKY, right? But way cool. And fun. 

Theory often pushes people away because at first it can seem lame. It’s like when you’re studying grammar. The study of the mechanical aspects of sentence structure is not top on my list of things to do on the weekend, but writing suspenseful short stories, lyrical poems, imaginative fiction, or motivational speeches all can soar on the time-testing principles of grammar. You just have to wade through the beginning parts of theory and grasp it as best you can, remembering that the granite building blocks comprise the     opportunities to create majestic castles!
 

LPM: Your 'Cello Wars' is a fantastic mix of five Star Wars songs, rearranged to tell your story, and 'Moonlight' is a piece that Steven composed, based on Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata and 7th Symphony.  For all the new composers out here:  how do you compose based on an inspiring song you like?  Right now, over 1500 LPM students in the US are in their final year, and working on writing their very first piano compositions!  What advice do you have for students about writing and creating music? Is there a secret recipe for you?

Steve: Thank you so much! Starting with an inspiring song or a song you really like is such a great baseline for composing. Arranging becomes composing when you authentically infuse your personality, ingenuity, and creativity into a song. We love experimenting with a melody and a chord pattern to turn them both on their heads. 


During Cello wars, the Jedi plays the theme in its original major key, but the Sith echoes in the minor key. 

We love experimenting with rhythm too. In Moonlight we used accents and a driving four-on-the-floor feel to reinvent Beethoven’s masterpiece. When we did our version of “Mission Impossible” with Lindsey Stirling, we rewrote Mozart’s legendary Piano Sonata in C so that it was minor and in 5/4 timing to match the vibe of the MI theme. 

We also love using cultural aspects of music to approach a tune from a completely different direction — like our African spin on Coldplay’s Paradise, Indian spin on “Don’t You Worry Child,” or our Scottish influenced rendition of “Fight Song.” 

We love using Classical themes and chord structures to infuse more material into our arrangements — like when we added material from a Chopin prelude to our  “Kung Fu Piano” tune we filmed on the Great Wall of China. One of my favorite experiments was when we “recomposed” a One Direction tune (“Story of My Life”) based upon the feel of Saint Saens “Aquarium” from his “Carnival of the Animals” Suite. It became this ethereal, storybook-sounding film score that told an entirely new tale. 

Composing rocks. Don’t force it. Let it lead out. Don’t try to be someone else. Learn from others then discover your style, your groove, and your flow. Pray that your music can be of benefit to others and work at it with others in mind. Pour everything you have, everything you are, into it. Don’t get discouraged when it isn’t working. Sleep on it and try again the next day. It will come. Most of all, enjoy the process rather than falling victim to the feeling that you can’t wait till its done. Break a leg! Or, as we say in the cello world, “Break a bow hair!” :-)

A big thanks to The Piano Guys for taking the time to tell us about their creative process and their music. If you haven't watched the videos yet, check them out here. And good luck with YOUR composing!

Tuesday, January 5, 2016

Say it, Play it! Reading and Sight-Reading From the Staff


In my previous post, In A Flash!, I explained how we use flash cards to help teach students to read notes on the staff.  Students can look at the staff and quickly say the letter name of the note represented.

3 Step Reading
Of course the letter name is not the full meaning of the note on the staff. Letters are an abstraction that help us talk about keys and teach music theory. We absolutely can't get through class without having letter-names for notes, but the piano key is the real meaning behind the note on the page. Reading the note and playing it on the keyboard (Say it-Play it) is the really practical skill, the end result of several steps, we are driving at. 



STEP 1: A new student reads the note and identifies it "This is F!" (in my class, I have them sing the pitch as part of our game). Our purple flashcards help them learn this skill.
STEP 2: The student holds a mental visualization of what "F" looks like. Our alphabet pieces games from Yellow semester help them learn this skill.
STEP 3: The student seeks and finds the matching note, in the correct octave, and plays it. Again, I have them sing the pitch "This is F!" for ear correction. What do we have to help learn this skill? Teeny tiny flashcards.

Teeny Tiny Flashcards
I was looking for a way to really practice STEP 3 in the decoding process, and was delighted find these teeny tiny note flashcards that are exactly the size of a piano key (you can print them for $2) or you can get a similar, free version here.
http://www.pianoanne.ca/Shop/Teeny-Tiny-Flashcards.html
I printed a set and mounted them on a foam sheet, and cut them up. I introduced them to my daughter in groups just as she was learning the groups in 3rd year.  

Games
I keep my tiny flashcards a little treasure chest on the piano and play games with my daughter to reinforce step 3 of the reading process. Just do one game for a few minutes each day instead of or in addition to your purple cards.

Say It- Play It- Lay It: Your LPM teacher likes to play "Say It- Play It".  We just add one more step. Draw the card, say the letter, play it on the keyboard, and lay the card on the key to show you're done.  Each time you play this game, decide how many cards you will do.  As you get faster, increase the number of cards you do at each practice. Attempting the whole box at your first sitting can be daunting, so pick a number that will just take 3 minutes, and congratulate your student on getting faster each time. Alternatively, decide you will work for 3 minutes and see how many you can get done.

Bananagram: Each person gets 5 cards randomly.  Ready, set, go! Put them on the correct keys as quickly as you can.  When one person is done, they say "take two!" and everyone must take 2 more (whether you were done or not!).  Continue in this manner until the box is empty...then give everyone enough time to finish placing the pieces in their hand. 

Fix-it, Felix! This game works well if you have a toddler who is longing to help. Let your youngster arrange the cards on keys in the octaves you are working on (they will be laughably wrong.) Then, your student chooses one card, picks it up and moves it to the correct key, bumping off whatever card had been there.  She then takes that card to its correct home, bumping off whatever card had been there, etc. If you get a point when a card goes into an empty slot, do a quick check to see if you have won (everything correct) or not (when you find a mistake, pick it up and start working again.) It's exciting if you can win in one run without hitting any restarts!  Your toddler will love to clean up for you, too, if you cut a slot in an oatmeal can for her to mail the pieces into.

Crazy Composer Choose 5-6 notes randomly from the box and put them on the correct keys. Play the 5 notes. Then, play them in any order to create your crazy composition.  You are allowed to duplicate notes and make up any rhythm, but you can only use those notes!

Sol-Mi Soundboard: Draw a card, play the note, and place it on the key.  Sing that note as "sol" and follow with a minor-3rd step down to "mi".  Yes, they key in which you sing will change but you should be able to sing a sol-mi anywhere, any time, any key (LPM Teachers practice this, too)! That's the joy of being able to hear and sing intervals.  (play 'sol' then play 3 keys lower to hear 'mi'.  The color of key doesn't matter...just count down 3). Repeat with other cards.  No matter where you start, you can sing this interval, I know it.


Go Fish: Play this game once you have all of the treble and bass clef lines and spaces in your box.  Each player starts with 4 cards.  Ask another player, "Do you have any treble-clef-spaces?" If so, they have to give them over! If not, you "go fish" for a card.  Once you have all of the notes needed to sing one verse of our treble, bass, line, space song, place them on they keys where they belong, then continue the game.

Where are We Going?
Wow, the 3-steps for reading notes seems to take a long time: too long to be useful if we play every note in a song like that.  As I mentioned in our post on learning to read, we read most of the song by looking at intervals and chunks of patterned notes. We only need to spell-check a small percentage of notes in a song, so it's okay if those take a little more time.

With practice, you'll also get incredibly faster at finding individual notes. When I read new music, I don't take mental time to think of the letter name.  Because I have been conditioned, I have dropped that middle step and the process is faster.

It's like when we first learned to read words: we always noticed the individual letters (C-A-T) and thought about what sound each letter represented.  As we improved, we stopped thinking of the abstract names of the letters, and just focused on the sounds they represented, and eventually moved on to noticing the whole word as a chunk.  Learning to read music has a similar progression. For now, work on getting fast at matching staff notes to keyboard keys!

Want to be a Sight-reader?
Some musicians have a great ear, some are excellent at reading, and at Let's Play Music we set our students up to do both! 

Sight-reading is the ability to look at music and play it correctly without having practiced it.  How can you become better at sight-reading?  A recent study surveyed MTNA-certified piano teachers and found that while 86% thought sight-reading was important, only 7% said they addressed it systematically with their students. 

So it seems the answer may still be elusive, or may be the same for learning to read written words: read, read, read!  This means you'll need a stockpile of easy-to-play tunes or a website that generates them for you.  Songs you can sight-read correctly are MUCH simpler than songs you can play, but need a bit of practice on.  So, you'll need a stockpile of easy stuff to start with. You might spend a few minutes at each practice sight-reading a few pieces!

Franz Liszt, known as the best sight-reader of all time, has a few tips for you as you begin your sight-reading journey:

1. Focus on Rhythm: The audience can forgive a mistake in pitch, but not rhythm. If you miss a beat, the whole song will be off (especially if you're playing with an ensemble!).  Keep the rhythm perfectly and do your best with notes.

2. Don't Stop: Remember rule 1? The audience and judges will forgive a wrong note or two, but if you stop and go back to correct it, it draws attention to the mistake and disrupts the flow of the piece (and your ensemble will leave you behind!) So RESIST the urge to stop and correct.  For sight-reading, you must keep going. (If you are learning a new song and not trying to sight-read, learn it measure by measure for goodness sakes.)

3. Let the most difficult passage set the tempo: Your goal is to play the whole piece correctly.  You've heard this music before, and you know there's a tricky bit in the middle, so start off playing slowly enough that you'll be successful on the tricky bits, too.

4.Learn to look ahead: When you drive a car, you don't only look at the pavement directly under your car, or just in front of the hood! To be safe, you look a few blocks ahead so you know what is coming in the next 4-8 beats.  In music, push yourself to be looking at the measure beyond what you are actually playing, so you can process and prepare for it.

Only play any piece of music TWICE for sight-reading. After that, I'm guessing you'll start to memorize it. If you had a lot of errors BOTH TIMES you played it, choose something easier for your sight-reading efforts.
Good luck with your reading skills: Read, read, read, and over time the difficulty level of your sight-reading material will advance.  Maybe someday you'll be like Liszt: able to sit down and play challenging pieces you've never seen!

-Gina Weibel, M.S.
Let's Play Music Teacher


Monday, November 23, 2015

Sing Your Favorite Books


One of my favorite activities in every Sound Beginnings class is story time:  I treasure reading picture books, and when I get to sing them, I love stories times more!

Why Read?

Parents and researchers are well aware of the myriad benefits of reading to young children. Reading to a child:
  • increases his receptive (understood) vocabulary up to 40%
  • improves his expressive (speaking, talking) skills
  • prepares him to perform better in school
  • improves bonding and well-being
  • establishes a culture and pattern for enjoyment of reading
  • promotes communication between you and the child
  • instills positive attitudes toward reading and learning
  • promotes a longer attention span and develops abilities for focus and critical thinking
  • improves listening skills and imagination
  • expands his topical knowledge
  • raises his IQ by an average of 6 points
Why Sing?

It's no surprise, then, that we love incorporating story time into Sound Beginnings class.  Singing the books adds even more boost.  
  • Singing emphasizes rhymes, meter, and patterns in the language. We guide the child to notice and interpret them. 
  • Melody provides a powerful memory tool. It's no wonder every brand has created a jingle for their product!
  • Music enhances the teaching of words, grammar, and concepts.
  • Singing boosts expressive language skills.  Children practice using words and phrases in song lyrics that they have not quite yet mastered in everyday speaking.
  • Singing forces the brain to use both hemispheres simultaneously. We strengthen what we are learning by activating more of the brain as we learn. 
To the Let's Play Music Students:

One more benefit of singing stories: it opens a venue to play with compositionI tell my 3rd-year-students that a composition can start from just about any inspiration, especially from a poem or rhyme.  When my recent LPM-grad daughter saw me making the videos below, she went over to our stack of books and spent an hour creating melodies of her own for each one!

So, singing stories is not too babyish for anyone, and I'm going to help you get started. Who knows!? You may decide to transcribe one of your new tunes, add some accompaniment at the piano, and make a piano piece!

Singable Stories

Here are nine songs that have been made into books. This is a great way to get started since the tune has already been writtenChildren love if you sing these to them over and over while they look at the pictures and words. (click images to go to Amazon)
Image Map  
Your Favorite Books!

The library is bursting with darling books and stories; don't you just wish more of them were sing-alongs?!  Don't despair! YOU have the power to take those books and make them into songs.  Here are some tips to get you going:
  • Choose stories with short, repeating verbal patterns
  • Choose stories that already have meter and rhyme (Dr. Seuss books are perfect examples)
  • Read the story several times to get a feel for the verbiage
  • Go for it: attempt to sing a page or two of the story! Success!
I pause here because you could call it a successful story-telling day already. Sing whatever tune you make up on the spot, and your melodic voice will intrigue your child. But what if my melody was lame? And maybe my voice was off-key?! And I don't even know what notes or patterns I was singing!
Here's the great news: your preschooler thinks you're awesome already! No judging! We believe learning happens through play (read our post), when everyone is free to try new things without fear. Are you brave enough, Mom and Dad, to try, too?
If you'd like to make that story even better, do this next:
  • Eventually settle on one melody for this story. Try to remember the melody, and sing the same one every time you read this book. Being memorable is one trait of a great melody.
  • Be repetitive.  The words of the story repeat, and your short melody repeats.  Over and over and over. Toddlers love it.
  • Simple is best! If you have bells or a piano in your home, use them to tap out a do-re-me-fa-sol, or other simple patterns. Then try to incorporate them, changing the rhythms as needed to fit your words.
  • Incorporate any of these common patterns: mi-re-do, sol-sol-do, sol-la-ti-do, sol-fa-mi-re-do, and sol-mi-do.  Ask your music teacher to show you these on the bells or by singing if you haven't been to Let's Play Music class.  These are very common melodic patterns that we will be singing and reading for 3 years in Let's Play Music. They each draw us back to Do and make a great ending to a musical phrase.
  • An advanced challenge is to take your favorite story, even if it doesn't have obvious meter and rhyme, and you have to make up meter and pretend that it rhymes.
Hippos Go Berserk

Okay, to show you how I do this in my family, I grabbed our very-worn copy of Hippos Go Berserk.  I sang it to the kids a few times until I could settle on a memorable tune that I decided was the one for this book. Just for you, I went back and analyzed what I was doing (this is great if you want to transcribe your melody like our 3rd year students will do.)  

I have a Do. mi-re-do pattern, but I added repeats as needed to fit with the words.  So "One Hippo all alone" is Do mi-mi re-re-do."  See? Still a mi-re-do, I just duplicated some notes. My entire song has this pattern:

Do. Mi-re-do.
Do. Sol-fa-mi.
Do. Mi-re-do.
Sol. Fa-mi-re-do.
Check it out:
video

I'm a Baby, You're a Baby
Here's another worn-out book in our house. I'm a Baby, You're a Baby. I didn't find an easy way to incorporate the animal words into the song, but luckily found that everyone likes it when I pause so they can shout out the answers.
  

The Composer in You

I hope you will try this idea of singing books a try.  You will really be improving your composition skills and improvisation.  Better yet, you'll be showing your children that we play with music.  We don't just perform music that is written out in a score and practiced in rehearsal halls, we create music with the language around us, and we find the music hidden everywhere we go! It can be so silly.

You'll start to be aware of lanaguage: What melodic patterns fit these words? What rhythms do these words naturally have?  Could I sing a tune to that phrase? You'll notice musical possibilities all around and expand your composing skills by bounds.



-Gina Weibel, M.S.
Let's Play Music teacher  
   

Sunday, June 21, 2015

Block, Broken, Marching: Love those Chords!

Quick Reminder: What's a Chord?
Photo courtesy of Facebook user Sara Young

By now you're very familiar with the Red, Blue, and Yellow triangles your Let's Play Music teacher uses in class.  Triangles have 3 corners to emphasize that a chord has at least 3 notes heard together. (Yeah, when you graduate from LPM you will learn chords with more than 3 notes.)  
 

Block Chords
So, if a chord must have at least 3 notes, one straightforward way to play it is to strike all 3 notes simultaneously.  Your ear hears all 3 sounds merged together into one sweet creation: the block chord. Block chords can sound very strong, loud, and powerful in songs. Or they can sound rich and deep.

One of my favorite things about Let's Play Music is when my 5-year-olds sing and play "Old Paint" at the very begging of 2nd year. It's their first time on the piano and they already sound loud, rich, and complex because they are playing chords AND overlaying with the melody of their voice. It sounds SO GOOD from day one.  This is very motivating and the students want to sit down and play for hours!

When reading chord maps in year one, we touched each triangle as the entire chord was played on the beat.   We generally consider all chords played on the harp as block chords (students strum all notes in one swift movement, or at least they try to!)

Block Chord Ear training: Listen to this sample of block chords playing.  The first activity is just like ones we do in class to help students distinguish when we change from one chord to a different one.  The second activity is for to practice identifying which chords are heard in a pattern.  Ear training practice helps our students recognize cadences in music they hear every day, all around them!



Reading Blocks: Since music is read from left to right, notes that are stacked on top of one another are played at the same time.  Learning to recognize the familiar shapes of block chord structures, and teaching the hand muscles to quickly play them is a great skill that all Let's Play Music students graduate with.  As we mentioned in our post on note reading, musicians look at notes and chords in chunks.  You may scrutinize one note of the chord for accuracy, then let the shape of it guide your hand to magically perform the rest of the chord!

By graduation, students will have no trouble playing block chords all over the keyboard, like these.  If you ARE a third year student, what color are these chords!? (The answer is at the end of the post!)


Broken Chords
So, a chord has three or more notes.  A delightful variation is to play the notes one at a time instead of all at once.  Broken chords can change the feeling of a song into something delicate and lilting when played piano and legato or give a sharp and spicy impression when played forte and staccato!

A fabulous word that means 'broken chord' or 'notes of a chord played in sequence' is arpeggio.  Nothing beats having your five-year-old approach a guest over at your house, and announce, "I'd like to play you some arpeggios on the piano, for your listening pleasure."

In the first year of Let's Play Music, we played songs like "On Top of Spaghetti" to practice with broken chords.  Although we did use a chord map, we tapped each corner of the triangles while listening to the accompaniment to emphasize that we are hearing each note of the chord separately (broken chords.)  

Arpeggio Ear Training: Broken chords (arpeggios) are used in Let's Play Music ear-training just as often as block chords.  It is often easier for the students to figure out which chord I am playing if they can hear the notes one at a time, hearing the individual notes and intervals between them.  If I play a block chord and the student can't identify it, I usually play broken style and they can recognize it.  In each of these tracks, can you tell which chord I play? 


Reading Broken Chords: Just like you read a book left-to-right, you play the notes from left-to-right one at a time. You'll get excellent practice with songs like "Lullaby." Because arpeggios are so common, composers often write a block chord and put the arpeggiate symbol next to it.  It just means 'spread this out' and is a handy way to save paper if you write a lot of broken chords. If you want the chord to be played top-to-bottom, add a downward arrow to the symbol.



Some delightful variations that will be very useful in composing music are fun to experiment with now (why wait!?).  After playing the 3 notes of a chord, why not repeat the first note again an octave higher (shown above)? Play the arpeggio going up and then back down! Fancy!  (You'll have to use fingers 1-2-3-5; that's tricky!)

Looking for another way to add a fourth beat? Play the broken chord and then replay the middle note. This can really spice up an accompaniment.  Red, Blue, Yellow, and Red chords in broken style:

There's no need to play a boring bug-bug-bug-bug rhythm.  Take these notes and add a calypso rhythm to make your composition even fancier! That's what what you'll see when you play "Tinga Layo".

Marching Chords
In Let's Play Music we highlight one more fun way to play chords: Marching style.  Like a mixture of block and broken, the chord is played in two beats.  First play just the lowest note of the block, then play all the others. Voila! You've got some marching chords.


You can play around with marching in your own compositions.  Mix up the rhythms or repeat the low or high to create some cool sounds.  In third year we'll also play marching by having the right hand and left hand alternate for a marching sound.  Can you play this cool composition I just made completely of red chords?
 

Have Fun with Chords
Photo courtesy of Facebook user Juliane Wolf
Now that you know the secrets of block, broken, and marching chords, you can change the way you play songs!  In Let's Play Music classes, we train complete musicians. That means students understand how songs are put together, have the power to improvise the way they play what is written on the page, and can compose their own music. 

So give it a try! Go play with chords and create something new! 



Block Chord Reading Quiz Answer:These chords shown are shown in different inversions.  They are: Red, Red, Red, Blue, Blue, Yellow, Yellow, Red. Or you could say I, I, I, IV, IV, V, V, I.  You must look at the key signature to be sure that the first block chord is a I (Red)! Our 3rd year students are so smart!

-Gina Weibel, M.S.
Let's Play Music teacher
  

Friday, May 29, 2015

Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star: Variations in Compositions


Theme and variation is a popular musical form in which a composer states a melody and then repeats it several times with changes to create interest and variety. 

You could think of the theme as a plain cupcake. First, the composer shows the plain cupcake to the audience.  The variations are like decorated cupcakes.  Once the audience understands the plain cupcake, the  decorated ones are displayed for everyone to enjoy with their fancy differences.  Nevertheless, they are still recognizable as cupcakes!  Let's take a look at "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" and taste the deliciousness of what your young composer is learning from studying it during the 3rd year of Let's Play Music!

The Poem
Lyrics for this popular lullaby come from an 1806 poem, "Star", published by Jane Taylor. Jane was a real trailblazer because she and her sister helped introduce the novel idea of writing poetry just for children.  Here is the entire original poem:

   
A sing-along storybook is available. By Jane Cabrera.
  Twinkle, twinkle, little star,

     How I wonder what you are!
     Up above the world so high,
     Like a diamond in the sky.

     When the blazing sun is gone,
     When he nothing shines upon,

     Then you show your little light,
     Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.

     Then the traveller in the dark
     Thanks you for your tiny sparks;
     He could not see which way to go,
     If you did not twinkle so.

     In the dark blue sky you keep,
     And often through my curtains peep,
     For you never shut your eye
     'Till the sun is in the sky.

     As your bright and tiny spark
     Lights the traveller in the dark,
     Though I know not what you are,
     Twinkle, twinkle, little star.


The Melody (and a Silly Game)
"Twinkle" is only one of many international songs that have been sung to the melody Ah! Vous dirai-je, Maman, a popular 18th century French children's tune.  In English, "The Alphabet Song" and "Baa-baa Blacksheep" are two more songs sung to the tune.

As a kid, I played a singing game with my sisters, and you might like to try it in your family: each of three singers (or teams) choose one of the above songs, then all sing at the same time.  Although the lyrics are different, the melody is the same for everyone.  Silly, right!?  For an even trickier song, sing in a round, starting a few measures behind the previous singer, still singing different lyrics.  Still not silly enough?!  For the best song yet, all start singing together, but each time the leader claps, switch to different lyrics!  Each group will end up singing a different crazy song, perhaps like this:

     SINGER 1                                                      SINGER 2
     Twinkle, twinkle, little star  (CLAP)                    Baa, Baa black sheep have you any wool?
     yes sir, yes sir, three bags full  (CLAP)              H I J K, LMNOP
     Q R S, T U V  (CLAP)                                       Up above the world so high
     Like a diamond in the sky…                              And one for the little boy who lives...

Apparently the best time to try this game is while trapped in the car with the entire family on a very long road trip.  We "entertained" our brothers and parents for hours and hours with our giggling.  

Nevertheless, if a melody is simple and memorable, it's likely to be the perfect place to start for creating variations.

Variations: Frosting on the Cake
The composition we study in Let's Play Music during the Orange semester is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's, "Variations on 'Ah vous dirai-je, Maman!'" with his twelve variations of the tune.  You know all about ABA form, but this is A-AI-AII-AIII-AIV….AXII form.

Just about every student of composition utilizes Theme and Variation to stretch their composing skills, and you can too.  Actually, after Mozart composed variations on this particular tune in 1781, the SAME TUNE was used by several other composers to create their own variations, including: Bach, Schulhoff, Dohnanyi, Liszt, Rinck, and Cardon!


Now your child (and you!) are ready to have some fun with variations.  It's like you want to decorate some of those beautiful cupcakes.  Options are limitless, but first you want to know: What colors of frosting are available?  What kinds of sprinkles do we have? What sizes of piping tips are there? Yes, if you want to decorate, it's good to understand your tools, so lets look inside Mozart's toolbox.

Variations are created by altering the rhythm, melody, harmony, pitch, tempo, or dynamics of the tune.  

Mozart's Toolbox of Variations

Mozart
Grab your Orange Roots CD and read this post as you listen along. Let's figure out what he did to create each variation. (Yes, all twelve. You may need a cupcake for nourishment).  Then YOU, TOO, will have the power to add variation to YOUR compositions.  Let's also imagine you have a really simple composition to work with, like Do-Re-Mi-Fa-Sol, and maybe we will play with it just like Mozart would.

Theme: First Mozart presents the theme, which sounds pretty much like "Twinkle."


 Variation 1: The right hand still plays the melody, but it is embellished with running notes (notes running between the important ones that carry the actual melody).  That is to say, where a single note was played in the 'theme', three extra notes have been squished in.  So each quarter note bug has been turned into four sixteenth notes (a caterpillar). It sounds fast and busy. 

What you can do: You could add the easiest ever extra notes…just double or triple notes of your theme by turning bugs into beetles.  Do-do Re-re Mi-mi, etc. is a variation.  Or to really make them running notes (moving up and down scales) you can add just about any baby steps, so long as you remember to hit your important melody notes sometimes.  Maybe you'll have Do-re-mi-re Re-mi-fa-mi Mi-fa-sol-fa, etc.  The bold notes are just reminders of what part of this new tune came from the theme.


Variation 2: The right hand still plays the melody, but the left hand is filled with running sixteenth notes (caterpillars). 

What you can do: We didn't talk about your left hand part, but most of my students begin with block chords. There are many ways you could get some extra fun notes in there.  You could start playing the low note of the chord, jump to the high note, and add a few baby steps down. Do-sol-fa-mi, Ti-sol-fa-mi, Do-sol-fa-mi  replaces a slow Red, Yellow, Red.  That sounds fast and fun!


Variation 3: The right hand plays the melody in triplets. A triplet means three notes make up one count.  We don't formally introduce this rhythm, but for fun (after I point out what is going on at this point), I like to have the class pat their laps while chanting "bug. bug. bug."  I come in with "one-trip-let. two-trip-let. three-trip-let." just so they can hear how I manage to fit three claps into their one beat.

Variation 4: You guessed it. Mozart plays triplets with the left hand.


Variation 5: The right hand plays the melody in an off-beat pattern.  This is a really whimsical way to dramatically change the rhythm. The right hand plays an eighth note- quarter note pair, then the left hand plays a pair, and they take turns.  

What you can do: When you mastered Yankee Doodle recently, you got the feeling of having your hands take turns. Yeah, both hands don't always have to strike at the exact same!  Play a creative rhythm to go along with some of your melody notes, then give the left hand a chance to play something with that rhythm.  Take turns. Fun!


Variation 6: The right hand STILL plays the melody but this is cool: instead of playing one note for melody, the note is played as part of a chord. Yay! Our students know how to do that!  Doesn't it sound big and strong and smashing?  The left hand goes back to playing with running caterpillars.

What you can do: If you want to stick to the Red, Yellow, and Blue chords, you can find a chord that includes each note of your melody.  Do-Re-Mi-Fa could use Red-Yellow-Red-Blue.  Now, to play those chords but make them sound like melody, choose an inversion of the chord so that the melody note is at the top.  You can do it! You know how to play with inversions. Take your time. The right hand gets to play slowly in this variation so you can jump your hand around if you need to.


Variation 7: The right hand goes back to running caterpillars. This time Mozart really did push to make the running notes into almost complete scales instead of just zig-zagging baby steps. He also mixes in his cool idea of having the left hand strike a note while the right hand rests. Fancy!

Variation 8: This variation is in C minor. That alone can make for an exciting change, but he also has the left hand echo the notes after the right hand plays.

What you can do: Whatever key you have written your composition in, you will add flats to change a few solfeggi.  Do-Re-me-Fa-Sol-le-te-Do is the minor scale we presented in class a few times. (The minor solfeggi are pronounced 'may', 'lay' and 'tay'.)  Figure out where your three flats need to be and you are ready to fly minor!


Variation 9: The theme is played staccato.  Your student knows all about staccato and could easily give it a try in her own work.

Variation 10: The left hand plays the melody, and the right hand embellishes.  Mozart has the right hand rest on the beats when the melody notes are played by the left. It really helps those notes stand out.

What you can do: I have several students who love to "flip" their work and let the left hand carry the melody while the right hand does something else.  The right hand could play a chord root, or a broken chord, or experiment with simple embellishments like Mozart does. I will play the left hand melody slowly and let the student use his right hand to experiment with possible ideas until we find something that sounds interesting.


Variation 11: This is one of the only variations where tempo, Adagio, is indicated.  Adagio means slow.  The theme is played in a singing style; you could certainly imagine someone humming or singing these lullaby notes.  Musical style indicates a piece follows conventions that give it a distinct sound, characteristic to the group.  We had fun with the Monsters puppet show by Prokofiev when we showed it performed in seven different styles.  I especially love the reverse: when pianists take pop songs and play them in classical style!

What you can do: Your student experimented this semester with how to change the stylistic feel of a song by playing chords in a broken style, root-note-only, or even a two-handed marching style.  You can take one melody all the way from a big loud parade march to a nice, slow, lullaby by changing the stylistic interpretation.  Try some of the ideas from class on your song.


Variation 12: This time the tempo is indicated as Allegro, which means fast. The melody has interesting rhythms and decorations, and the left hand is back to those caterpillars.  When I listen to this big, fast, exciting ending, I can just feel my heartbeat start picking up pace.

What you can do: Think of something special (loud? quiet? fast?) and slightly different to end your song with just the right feeling to send your audience home with.

This is not an exhaustive toolbox, but now you know some ways Mozart made his music interesting, so give them a try in your composing. If you hit a creative block, take a break to bake some cupcakes and they'll surely get your creative juices flowing.

- Gina Weibel, M.S.
Let's Play Music Teacher